TERMS (ECOSYSTEM & ECOLOGY).

F.Y.B.A. (ENG)                                                    

SEM : 1                                                                

MDC 101 - A (UNIT - 2)        

TERMS (ECOSYSTEM).

1. Sir Arthur Tansley, Ecosystem (1935).
2. Abiotic components : The non-living elements of an ecosystem are referred to as abiotic components.
3. Biotic components : Biotic components include living organisms comprising plants, animals and decomposers.
4. Autotrophs (self-sustaining)  An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.
5. Heterotrophs(other nourishing), depend on organic food derived from animals, plants or both.
6. Herbivores are primary consumers which feed mainly on plants e.g. cow, rabbit.
7. Carnivores feed only on animals. Secondary consumers feed on primary consumers e.g. wolves. 
8. Tertiary consumers, Carnivores which feed on secondary consumers are called Tertiary consumers e.g. lions which can eat wolves. 
9. Omnivores, Organisms which consume both plants and animals are called Omnivores e.g. men.
10. Saprotrophs (decomposers), The organisms that feed on the dead and decaying organisms.
11. Nematodes, Earthworm and certain soil organisms.
12. Arthropods are also detritus feeders and help in the decomposition of organic matter.
13. Herbaceous, denoting or relating to herbs

F.Y.B.A. (ENG)                                                    

SEM : 1                                                                

MDC 101 - A (UNIT - 1)                                      

 

TERMS & BOOKS (ECOLOGY).

 

1. ECOLOGY : Two Greek words: Oikos, which means "household," "home," or "place to live," and "logos," which means "Study of” or “knowledge"
2. Aristotle,  About animals and their behaviours
3. Theophrastus,  The Father of Botany
4. Theophrastus, "Enquiry into Plants" (B)
5. Theophrastus, "On the Causes of Plants," (B)
6. Anton-van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723),  pioneered the study of food chain and population regulation.
7. Georges Buffon (1707-1788), "Natural History" (1756) (B)
8. Gilbert White (1720-1793), "The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne" (1789) (B)
9. Charles Darwin's book "On the Origin of Species" (1859) (B)
10. Ernst Haeckel, "Ecology" (1866)
11. Ernst Haeckel, “General Morphology of Organisms” (B)
12. Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859), “The Study of Nature”
13. Charles Elton, "Animal Ecology" (1927) (B)
14. G. Evelyn Hutchinson, “Limnology”
15. Sir Arthur Tansley, “Ecosystem”
16. Autecology, The study of individual species or individuals in relation to their environment is known as autecology.
17. Population ecology, Individuals of the same species are investigated in population ecology.
18. Synecology, The study of the community of living organisms as a unit is known as synecology.
19. Habitat Ecology, Habitat Ecology is the study of organisms' habitats or environments and their effects on them.

* (B) means Book.